Surviving a plane crash is a rare but serious scenario that requires preparation, awareness, and quick action. While aviation is one of the safest forms of travel, knowing what to do in the unlikely event of a crash can significantly increase your chances of survival. Here are key steps to help you survive a plane crash:
1. Before You Board: Preparation is Key
a. Choose Your Seat Wisely
- Opt for Seats Near the Exit: Studies, such as one from the University of Greenwich for the UK Civil Aviation Authority, suggest that passengers seated within five rows of an exit have higher survival rates in crashes.
- Consider Seats at the Back of the Plane: According to a Popular Mechanics analysis, seats at the rear of the plane have a higher survival rate than those in the front. However, this can vary depending on the crash scenario.
b. Dress Appropriately
- Wear Comfortable, Non-Flammable Clothing: Choose long pants, long sleeves, and closed-toe shoes made from natural fibers like cotton, which are less likely to melt or catch fire than synthetic materials.
- Avoid Loose Accessories: Avoid wearing scarves, necklaces, or loose-fitting clothing that could get caught or snagged during an emergency evacuation.
c. Review the Safety Information
- Read the Safety Card and Listen to the Briefing: Take time to read the safety card in the seat pocket in front of you and listen attentively to the pre-flight safety briefing. Familiarize yourself with the location of the exits, the use of the oxygen mask, and life vests.
- Count the Rows to the Nearest Exits: Mentally note the number of rows between your seat and the nearest exit, both in front of and behind you. In case of smoke or darkness, you may need to feel your way to the exit.
2. During the Flight: Stay Aware and Ready
a. Keep Your Seat Belt Fastened
- Wear Your Seat Belt at All Times: Keep your seat belt fastened whenever you are seated, and ensure it is snug around your hips (not your stomach). This helps protect you from sudden turbulence or impact.
b. Stay Alert During Key Phases of Flight
- Remain Vigilant During Takeoff and Landing: The majority of plane accidents occur during takeoff or landing. Be extra attentive during these critical phases, as you will have limited time to react in an emergency.
3. During a Crash: Adopt the Proper Brace Position
a. Follow the Brace Position Instructions
- For a Forward-Facing Seat with Seatbelt Only: Place your feet flat on the floor, cross your arms on the seatback in front of you, and rest your head on your arms. Tuck your chin to your chest to reduce head and neck injuries.
- For a Forward-Facing Seat with Seatbelt and Extra Space: Bend forward, rest your head against the seat in front of you or on your knees, and use one hand to hold the back of your head while the other holds your ankle.
- For Rear-Facing Seats: Place your head and chest against the seat in front of you, and cross your arms against it.
b. Secure Loose Items
- Store Loose Objects: Ensure that bags, laptops, and other loose items are securely stored under the seat or in the overhead compartment to prevent them from becoming projectiles during impact.
4. After Impact: Evacuate Quickly and Safely
a. Follow Crew Instructions
- Listen to the Flight Attendants: In an emergency, follow the instructions of the flight attendants, who are trained to handle such situations and guide you to safety.
b. Evacuate Immediately
- Do Not Wait to Grab Belongings: Leave everything behind, including carry-on bags and personal items. Time is critical, and evacuating quickly can save lives.
- Move to the Nearest Exit: Use the exit closest to you, even if it is behind you. Follow the floor lighting or overhead signs to find your way in case of smoke or darkness.
c. Avoid Smoke and Fire
- Stay Low and Cover Your Nose: Smoke inhalation is a leading cause of fatalities in plane crashes. If there is smoke, crouch low or crawl, and cover your nose and mouth with a piece of cloth (preferably damp if possible) to filter the air.
- Move Away from the Aircraft: Once outside, move upwind at least 500 feet away from the wreckage to avoid any explosions, fuel fires, or toxic fumes.
5. Survive the Aftermath: Stay Calm and Seek Help
a. Attend to Injuries
- Perform Basic First Aid: If you or others are injured, perform basic first aid to stop bleeding, provide CPR, or treat burns. Use the emergency medical kits onboard if accessible.
- Help Others: If you’re able, assist other passengers in evacuating or administering first aid.
b. Signal for Help
- Use Available Tools: Utilize whistles, mirrors, or flashlights to signal rescuers. If you have access to a phone, try to call emergency services.
c. Stay Calm and Conserve Energy
- Stay Together: Remain with other survivors, as a group is easier to find than individuals.
- Keep Warm: Use available blankets, clothing, or shelter to stay warm if in a cold environment.
6. Understand Common Myths and Realities
a. Myth: Brace Position Is Useless
- Reality: The brace position is scientifically proven to reduce the risk of head, neck, and leg injuries in an impact. It positions your body to absorb impact more safely.
b. Myth: Everyone Dies in a Plane Crash
- Reality: According to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), over 95% of passengers survive aviation accidents. Preparation and quick action greatly increase your chances of survival.
7. Know Common Causes of Plane Crashes
Understanding common causes can help you anticipate what might happen in an emergency:
- Bird Strikes: Can cause engine failure or other damage.
- Mechanical Failure: May lead to an emergency landing.
- Weather Conditions: Such as severe turbulence, lightning, or wind shear.
- Pilot Error: Though rare, it can contribute to accidents.
Conclusion
While the likelihood of being involved in a plane crash is very low, knowing what to do can greatly increase your chances of survival. Preparation begins before you board the plane and continues through the flight, during an emergency, and afterward. Remember to stay calm, follow safety protocols, and act quickly to protect yourself and others.